Research Articles

Anesthetic Exposure During Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
JAMA Network Open June 2022

Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Induce Cognitive Impairment in Neonatal Rats by Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell Development Through Microglial Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Suppression of VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway.
Neurotoxicity Research June 2022

miRNA-384-3p alleviates sevoflurane-induced nerve injury by inhibiting Aak1 kinase in neonatal rats.
Brain and Behavior June 2022

Nonhuman Primates and Developmental Anesthesia Neurotoxicity Research: Pitfalls of Surrogate Models and Déformation Professionnelle.
Anesthesia & Analgesia June 2022

Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity
Translational Neuroscience June 2022

PP2A-associated tau hyperphosphorylation was involved in sevoflurane induced neonatal neurotoxicity.
Psychopharmacology June 2022

Prolonged sevoflurane exposure causes abnormal synapse development and dysregulates beta-neurexin and neuroligins in the hippocampus in neonatal rats
Journal of Affective Disorders June 2022

Systemic inflammation exacerbates developmental neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane in neonatal rats.
Useinovic et al.
British Journal of Anaesthesia June 2022

Anaesthesia-Related Pediatric Neurotoxicity: A Survey Study.
Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation May 2022

Early Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Exposure to General Anesthesia in Infancy: EGAIN, a Prospective Cohort Study.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology May 2022

Neonatal Pain, Opioid, and Anesthetic Exposure; What Remains in the Human Brain After the Wheels of Time?
Frontiers in Pediatrics May 2022

Disruption of hippocampal P2RX2/CaMKII/NF-κB signaling contributes to learning and memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice induced by surgery plus anesthesia in neonatal period.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy April 2022

Does Resveratrol Prevent Sevoflurane Toxicity in Newborn Rats?
Journal of Medicinal Food April 2022

Echinacoside alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating FOXO1-mediated autophagy.
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience April 2022

LncRNA SNHG12 ameliorates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by sponging miR-497-5p to upregulate NLRX1.
Human & Experimental Toxicology April 2022

Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) April 2022

Neonatal Exposure to Propofol Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and the Neurocognitive Function of Rats in Adulthood via the Akt/p27 Signaling Pathway.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences April 2022

Nonapoptotic caspases in neural development and in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.
Trends in Neurosciences April 2022

Post-operative behavioural disorders in paediatric anaesthesia caused by anaesthetics and sedatives.
Bratislava Medical Journal April 2022

Sevoflurane diminishes neurogenesis and promotes ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex via inhibiting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression.
NeuroReport April 2022

Sevoflurane-Induced Apoptosis in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex Follows Similar Characteristics of Physiological Apoptosis.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience April 2022

Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Developing Hippocampus via HIPK2/AKT/mTOR Signaling.
Neurotoxicity Research April 2022

The role and mechanism of TLR4-siRNA in the impairment of learning and memory in young mice induced by isoflurane.
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University April 2022

The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Neurotoxicity Induced by Neonatal General Anesthesia.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience April 2022

Anesthetic Neurotoxicity in Children.
Medical Research Archives March 2022

Current status of nitrous oxide use in pediatric patients.
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics March 2022

Differential epitranscriptome and proteome modulation in the brain of neonatal mice exposed to isoflurane or sevoflurane.
Cell Biology and Toxicology March 2022

Effect of Anesthetics on Functional Connectivity of Developing Brain.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience March 2022

Impact of surgery and anesthesia during early brain development: A perfect storm.
Pediatric Anesthesia March 2022

Local Anesthetic Injection Before Incision Decreases General Anesthesia Requirements in Pediatric Trigger Thumb Release: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics March 2022

Application of Nonhuman Primate Models in the Studies of Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity.
Anesthesia & Analgesia February 2022

General Anesthesia and the Young Brain: The Importance of Novel Strategies with Alternate Mechanisms of Action.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences February 2022

Longitudinal assessment of cognitive function in young children undergoing general anaesthesia.
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 2022

Repeated neonatal exposure to sevoflurane induces age-dependent impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity in mice.
Developmental Neuroscience February 2022

Sevoflurane induced neurotoxicity in neonatal mice links to a GSK3β/Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and apoptosis.
Free Radical Biology & Medicine February 2022

Sex hormones and the young brain: are we ready to embrace neuroprotective strategies?
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 2022

Synthetic neuroactive steroids as new sedatives and anaesthetics: Back to the future.
Journal of Neuroendocrinology February 2022

Anesthesia and Developing Brains: Unanswered Questions and Proposed Paths Forward.
Anesthesiology January 11, 2022

Anesthesia and neurotoxicity study design, execution, and reporting in the nonhuman primate: A systematic review.
Paediatric Anaesthesia January 2022

Do We Have Viable Protective Strategies against Anesthesia-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity?
International Journal of Molecular Sciences January 2022

Does inflammation mediate behavioural alterations in anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity?
British Journal of Anaesthesia January 2022

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor decrease may mediate learning, memory and behavior impairments in rats after neonatal surgery
Brain research bulletin January 2022

Hippocampal SIRT1-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity and Glutamatergic Neuronal Excitability Are Involved in Prolonged Cognitive Dysfunction of Neonatal Rats Exposed to Propofol.
Molecular Neurobiology January 2022

MiRNA-384-5p targets GABRB1 to regulate ketamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurons.
Turkish Neurosurgery January 2022

Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane impairs preference for social novelty in C57BL/6 female mice at early-adulthood.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications January 2022

Testosterone: much more for the brain than a sex hormone.
British Journal of Anaesthesia January 2022

Tetraethylammonium chloride reduces anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice.
British Journal of Anaesthesia January 2022

Identification of microRNA/target gene in the dentate gyrus of 7 day old mice following isoflurane exposure.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 2022

Neonatal isoflurane exposure disturbs granule cell migration in the rat dentate gyrus.
Biomedical Research 2022

LncRNA Riken Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating the MicroRNA-101a/MKP-1/JNK Pathway.
Neurotoxicity Research November 26, 2021

Evaluation of neurotoxicity and long-term function and behavior following intrathecal 1 % 2-chloroprocaine in juvenile rats.
Neurotoxicology November 18, 2021

Early Development of the GABAergic System and the Associated Risks of Neonatal Anesthesia.
International journal of molecular sciences November 2021

Epitranscriptomic Analysis of N6-methyladenosine in Infant Rhesus Macaques after Multiple Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Neuroscience November 2021

Moderators of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and exposure to anaesthesia and surgery in children.
British Journal of Anaesthesia November 2021

Neonatal Isoflurane Does Not Affect Sleep Architecture and Minimally Alters Neuronal Beta Oscillations in Adolescent Rats.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience November 2021

Overexpression of miR-133b protects against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine November 2021

Pachypodol protects newborn rats from anaesthesia-induced apoptosis in the developing brain by regulating the JNK/ERK pathway.
International journal of developmental neuroscience: The official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience November 2021

NPAS4 suppresses propofol-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy in hippocampal neuronal cells.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics October 30, 2021

Fetal surgery has no additional effect to general anesthesia on brain development in neonatal rabbits.
American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM October 24, 2021

Blockade of the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis attenuates ketamine-induced hippocampus pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats.
Journal of Neuroinflammation October 19, 2021

Age-dependent cross frequency coupling features from children to adults during general anesthesia.
Neuroimage October 15, 2021

MiRNA-494-3p Regulates Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT Signaling.
Neurotoxicity Research October 15, 2021

Neurotoxicity outside the operating room: An evolving challenge for pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists.
Academic Pediatrics October 9, 2021

Association Between Exposure of Children to General Anesthesia and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders October 7, 2021

Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity October 2021

Quantitative behavioural phenotyping to investigate anaesthesia induced neurobehavioural impairment.
Scientific Reports September 29, 2021

Early-life midazolam exposure persistently changes chromatin accessibility to impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America September 21, 2021

The Role of Klotho Protein Against Sevoflurane-Induced Neuronal Injury.
Neurochemical Research September 8, 2021

Neonatal Anesthesia by Ketamine in Neonatal Rats Inhibits the Proliferation and Differentiation of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Decreases Neurocognitive Function in Adulthood via Inhibition of the Notch1 Signaling Pathway.
Molecular Neurobiology September 3, 2021

Astrogliosis in juvenile non-human primates 2 years after infant anaesthesia exposure.
British Journal of Anaesthesia September 2021

Does Anesthesia and Surgery During Pregnancy Really Affect Learning and Behavior in the Offspring: The Holy Grail in Anesthesiology Research.
Anesthesia & Analgesia September 2021

Exposure to Sevoflurane, But Not Ketamine, During Early-life Brain Development has Long-Lasting Effects on GABA_A Receptor Mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission.
Neuroscience September 2021

The Role of Pink1-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway in Propofol-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Neurochemical Research September 2021

Repeated neonatal sevoflurane induced neurocognitive impairment through NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis.
Journal of Neuroinflammation August 21, 2021

Cognitive Dysfunction After Analgesia and Sedation: Out of the Operating Room and Into the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience August 16, 2021

Dexmedetomidine does not compromise neuronal viability, synaptic connectivity, learning and memory in a rodent model.
Scientific Reports August 9, 2021

The Increased Channel Activity of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors at Extrasynaptic Sites in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Neonatal Rats Following Prolonged Ketamine Exposure.
Journal of Pain Research August 8, 2021

Inhibiting PDE7A Enhances the Protective Effects of Neural Stem Cells on Neurodegeneration and Memory Deficits in Sevoflurane-Exposed Mice.
eNeuro July-August 2021

Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Ketamine-Induced Disruption of the Proliferation and Differentiation of Developing Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone.
Frontiers in Pediatrics July 27, 2021

Effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of rat offspring.
Journal of Anesthesia July 19, 2021

Long-term evidence of neonatal anaesthesia neurotoxicity linked to behavioural phenotypes in monkeys: where do we go from here?
British Journal of Anesthaesia July 13, 2021

Neonatal Anesthesia and dysregulation of the Epigenome. Cabrera, Useinovic, Jevtovic-Todorovic.
Biology of Reproduction July 13, 2021

TRPV1 Antagonist Prevents Neonatal Sevoflurane-Induced Synaptic Abnormality and Cognitive Impairment in Mice Through Regulating the Src/Cofilin Signaling Pathway.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology July 7, 2021

Association Between Behavioral and Learning Outcomes and Single Exposures to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia Before Age 3:  Secondary Analysis of Data From Olmsted County, MN.
Anesthesia & Analgesia July 2021

Mechanisms underlying neonate-specific metabolic effects of volatile anesthetics.
eLife July 2021

Intranasal insulin rescues repeated anesthesia-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory and prevents apoptosis in neonatal mice via mTORC1.
Scientific reports July 2021

Research Progress of Pharmacological Intervention of Sevoflurane-induced Nerve Injury in the Developing Brain.
ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SINICAE June 30, 2021

Gut microbiota mediates cognitive impairment in young mice after multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane.
Aging June 28, 2021

Neonatal administration of a subanaesthetic dose of JM-1232(-) in mice results in no behavioural deficits in adulthood.
Scientific Reports June 18, 2021

Genistein Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting TLR4-Mediated Microglial-Polarization in vivo and in vitro.
Journal of Inflammation Research June 17, 2021

Repeated Neonatal Isoflurane Exposure is Associated with Higher Susceptibility to Chronic Variable Stress-induced Behavioural and Neuro-inflammatory Alterations.
Neuroscience June 15, 2021

Testosterone is Sufficient to Impart Susceptibility to Isoflurane Neurotoxicity in Female Neonatal Rats.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology June 15, 2021

Histone Deacetylase 2-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation is Involved in the Early Isoflurane Exposure-Related Increase in Susceptibility to Anxiety-Like Behaviour Evoked by Chronic Variable Stress in Mice.
Neurochemical Research June 8, 2021

lncRNA Xist regulates sevoflurane-induced social and emotional impairment by modulating miR-98-5p/EDEM1 signaling axis in neonatal mice.
Molecular Therapy – Nucleic Acids June 4, 2021

Parental Decision-Making for Surgery and Anesthesia in Young Children.
Western Journal of Nursing Research June 4, 2021

A decade later, there are still major issues to be addressed in paediatric anaesthesia.
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology June 2021

Effect of operative trauma and multiple propofol anesthesia on neurodevelopment and cognitive function in developmental rats.
Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) June 2021

Maternal sevoflurane exposure induces temporary defects in interkinetic nuclear migration of radial glial progenitors in the fetal cerebral cortex through the Notch signalling pathway.
Cell Proliferation June 2021

Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Pycnogenol in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Model in Newborn Rats.
American Journal of Perinatology May 27, 2021

Recent advances in understanding cognitive and behavioural alterations after early-in-life anaesthesia exposure and new mitigation/alternative strategies in preclinical studies.
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology May 18, 2021

Why do We Use the Concepts of Adult Anesthesia Pharmacology in Developing Brains? Will It Have an Impact on Outcomes? Challenges in Neuromonitoring and Pharmacology in Pediatric Anesthesia.
J Clin Med May 18, 2021

RIPK1/RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis is Involved in Sevoflurane-Induced Neonatal Neurotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology May 15, 2021

Maternal anesthesia with sevoflurane during the mid-gestation induces social interaction deficits in offspring C57BL/6 mice.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications May 14, 2021

The effect of xenon on fetal neurodevelopment following maternal sevoflurane anesthesia and laparotomy in rabbits.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology May 5, 2021

Accounting for General Anesthesia: A Pre-Op Primer and Post-Op Factor.
Pediatric Annals May 1, 2021

Downregulation of HOTAIR reduces neuronal pyroptosis by targeting miR-455-3p/NLRP1 axis in propofol-treated neurons in vitro.
Neurochemical Research May 2021

Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rats.
British Journal of Anaesthesia May 2021

Effects of sevoflurane general anesthesia during early pregnancy on AIM2 expression in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of Sprague-Dawley offspring rats.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine May 2021

Identifying Clinical Clues in Children With Global Developmental Delay / Intellectual Disability With Abnormal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Journal of Child Neurology May 2021

Longitudinal associations between exposure to anesthesia and neurocognitive functioning in pediatric medulloblastoma.
European Journal of Cancer May 2021

Preventing the Long-term Effects of General Anesthesia on the Developing Brain: How Translational Research can Contribute.
Neuroscience May 2021

Sevoflurane impairs m6A-mediated mRNA translation and leads to fine motor and cognitive deficits.
Cell Biology and Toxicology April 29, 2021

The effect of sevoflurane anesthesia for dental procedure on neurocognition in children: a prospective, equivalence, controlled trial.
BMC Pediatrics April 16, 2021

Ferroptosis contributes to isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment.
Cell Death Discovery April 7, 2021

Long Noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 Modulates Ketamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neurons through EZH2.
Developmental Neuroscience April 7, 2021

Effects of general anaesthesia during pregnancy on neurocognitive development of the fetus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
British Journal of Anaesthesia April 6, 2021

Intrapartum opioid analgesia and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born preterm.
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM April 5, 2021

Anaesthesia, neural activity, and brain development: interneurones in the spotlight.
British Journal of Anaesthesia April 1, 2021

Ketamine inhibits neuronal differentiation by regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling
Toxicology in Vitro April 2021

MicroRNA-1297 suppressed the Akt/GSK3 β signaling pathway and stimulated neural apoptosis in an in vivo sevoflurane exposure model
Journal of International Medical Research April 2021

Repeated exposure to propofol in the neonatal period impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the recognition function of rats in adulthood
Brain Research Bulletin April 2021

Surgery requiring general anesthesia in preterm infants is associated with altered brain volumes at term equivalent age and neurodevelopmental impairment.
Pediatric Research April 2021

Anesthetic Exposure in Staged Versus Single-Stage Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: Can We Reduce Risk of Anesthesia-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity?
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery March-April 2021

Edaravone Alleviated Propofol-Induced Neurotoxicity in Developing Hippocampus by mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K Pathway.
Drug Design, Development and Therapy March 30, 2021

Role of sedative-hypnotic agents in neurodegeneration: Effects of midazolam and thiopental on apoptosis and oxidative stress expression in neonatal and adult rat brains.
Turkish Neurosurgery March 29, 2021

Intranasal levosimendan prevents cognitive dysfunction and apoptotic response induced by repeated isoflurane exposure in newborn rats.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology March 27, 2021

Protective Effect of GM1 Attenuates Hippocampus and Cortex Apoptosis After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rat via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway.
Molecular Neurobiology March 17, 2021

Singular and short-term anesthesia exposure in the developing brain induces persistent neuronal changes consistent with chronic neurodegenerative disease.
Scientific Reports March 11, 2021

Prediction of levobupivacaine concentrations in neonates and infants following neuraxial rescue blocks.
Pediatric Anesthesia March 8, 2021

Anesthesia and the Developing Brain: A Review of Sevoflurane-induced Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Populations.
Clinical Therapeutics March 2, 2021

Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine Attenuate Sevoflurane-Induced Tau Phosphorylation and Cognitive Impairment in Young Mice via α-2 Adrenergic Receptor
Anesthesia & Analgesia March 1, 2021

Further Study Needed of the Impact of Early-Life Surgery With Associated General Anesthesia on the Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Anesthesia & Analgesia March 2021

Predictors of Anesthetic Exposure in Pediatric MRI.
American Journal of Roentgenology March 2021

Ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in neurodevelopment: A synopsis of main pathways based on recent in vivo experimental findings.
Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology January-March 2021

Behavioural impairments after exposure of neonatal mice to propofol are accompanied by reductions in neuronal activity in cortical circuitry.
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 26, 2021

A synthetic peptide rescues rat cortical neurons from anesthetic-induced cell death, perturbation of growth and synaptic assembly
Scientific Reports February 25, 2021

FOXO3 Regulates Sevoflurane-Induced Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Fetal Rats
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology February 19, 2021

Developmental exposure to general anaesthesia: missed connections?
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 11, 2021

Changes in Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Children Receiving Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Preliminary Randomized Trial.
Journal of Clinical Medicine February 9, 2021

General anaesthesia during infancy reduces white matter micro-organisation in developing rhesus monkeys
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 3, 2021

Regulation of CRMP2 by Cdk5 and GSK-3β participates in sevoflurane-induced dendritic development abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in developing rats
Toxicology Letters February 3, 2021

Anesthesia, sex and miscarriage history may influence the association between cesarean delivery and autism spectrum disorder.
BMC Pediatrics February 1, 2021

Epidural analgesia, intrapartum hyperthermia, and neonatal brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
British Journal of Anaesthesia February 2021

Expression Signature of lncRNAs and mRNAs in Sevoflurane-Induced Mouse Brain Injury: Implication of Involvement of Wide Molecular Networks and Pathways
International Journal of Molecular Sciences January 30, 2021

Detrimental effects of general anaesthesia on young primates: are we closer to understanding the link?
British Journal of Anaesthesia January 25, 2021

Prenatal Exposure to General Anesthesia and Childhood Behavioral Deficit
Pediatric Anesthesia January 22, 2021

The effects of early anesthesia on neurodevelopment: A systematic review
The Journal of Pediatrics January 19, 2021

The Role of the lncRNA-LRCF in Propofol-Induced Oligodendrocyte Damage in Neonatal Mouse
Neurochemical Research January 7, 2021

Dexmedetomidine attenuates sevoflurane‑induced neurocognitive impairment through α2‑adrenoceptors
Molecular Medicine Reports January 2021

Fundamentals and innovations in regional anaesthesia for infants and children.
Anaesthesia January 2021

General anesthesia activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and induces age-dependent, long-lasting changes in mitochondrial function in the developing brain
NeuroToxicology January 2021

The neurotoxic effect of isoflurane on age-defined neurons generated from tertiary dentate matrix in mice.
Brain and Behavior January 2021

Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
British Journal of Anaesthesia November 27, 2020

Interval-dependent neurotoxicity after multiple ketamine injections in late postnatal mice
Journal of Anesthesia November 24, 2020

Infant isoflurane exposure affects social behaviours, but does not impair specific cognitive domains in juvenile non-human primates
British Journal of Anaesthesia November 13, 2020

The differential effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on neonatal mice
Scientific Reports November 9, 2020

Early Childhood General Anesthesia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Birth Cohort
Anesthesiology November 1, 2020

Anesthesia in Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcome: The Ongoing Hunt for a Phenome
Anesthesiology November 2020

Hot Topics in Safety for Pediatric Anesthesia
Children November 2020

Neuroprotection of the Developing Brain by Dexmedetomidine Is Mediated by Attenuating Single Propofol-induced Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits
Experimental Neurobiology October 31, 2020

Behavior and Regional Cortical BOLD Signal Fluctuations Are Altered in Adult Rabbits After Neonatal Volatile Anesthetic Exposure
Frontiers in Neuroscience October 23, 2020

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and educational level in adolescent and adult individuals after anesthesia and abdominal surgery during infancy
PLOS One October 21, 2020

miR-455-3p alleviates propofol-induced neurotoxicity by reducing EphA4 expression in developing neurons
Biomarkers October 18, 2020

An Overview on the Mechanisms of Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in Experimental Studies
Brain Research Bulletin October 17, 2020

MicroRNA-204-5p mediates sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Histology & Histopathology October 2, 2020

Androgenic Modulation of the Chloride Transporter NKCC1 Contributes to Age-dependent Isoflurane Neurotoxicity in Male Rats
Anesthesiology October 1, 2020

A Methyltransferase Inhibitor (Decitabine) Alleviates Intergenerational Effects of Paternal Neonatal Exposure to Anesthesia With Sevoflurane
Anesthesia & Analgesia October 2020

Effects of ketamine on neurogenesis, extracellular matrix homeostasis and proliferation in hypoxia-exposed HT22 murine hippocampal neurons.
Biomedical Reports October 2020

Sevoflurane leads to learning and memory dysfunction via breaking the balance of tPA/PAI-1.
Neurochemistry International October 2020

Maternal sevoflurane exposure affects differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells by regulating miR-410-3p and ATN1
Stem Cell Research & Therapy September 29, 2020

Anesthesia plus surgery in neonatal period impairs preference for social novelty in mice at the juvenile age.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications September 24, 2020

Early childhood general anesthesia exposure associated with later developmental delay: A national population-based cohort study
PLOS One September 24, 2020

Protective role of protocatechuic acid in sevoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience September 24, 2020

Conditions requiring hospitalisations, more than general anaesthesia itself, are associated with diagnosis of learning disorders in children
Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine September 23, 2020

Effects of early postnatal sevoflurane exposure on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination in cerebral white matter of the rat
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy September 18, 2020

Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane expands the window of vulnerability to adverse effects of subsequent exposure to sevoflurane and alters hippocampal morphology via decitabine-sensitive mechanisms
Neuroscience Letters September 14, 2020

Sevoflurane Post-Conditioning Ameliorates Neuronal Deficits and Axon Demyelination After Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury: Role of Microglia/Macrophage
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology September 2, 2020

Propofol inhibits the expression of Abelson nonreceptor tyrosine kinase without affecting learning or memory function in neonatal rats
Brain and Behavior September 1, 2020

Is Anesthesia Bad for the Brain? Current Knowledge on the Impact of Anesthetics on the Developing Brain.
Anesthesiology Clinics September 2020

Sevoflurane Induces Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis by Altering the Level of Neuropeptide Y in Neonatal Rats.
Neurochemical Research September 2020

Tau Contributes to Sevoflurane-induced Neurocognitive Impairment in Neonatal Mice
Anesthesiology September 2020

The protective effect of trilobatin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells involves the Nrf2/ARE pathway
Toxicology September 2020

The Unspoken Question!
Anesthesia & Analgesia September 2020

Yes‑associated protein protects and rescues SH‑SY5Y cells from ketamine‑induced apoptosis
Molecular Medicine Reports September 2020

Propofol Exposure Disturbs the Differentiation of Rodent Neural Stem Cells via an miR-124-3p/Sp1/Cdkn1b Axis
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology August 27, 2020

Dexmedetomidine: What’s New for Pediatrics? A Narrative Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine August 24, 2020

Dusp4 Contributes to Anesthesia Neurotoxicity via Mediated Neural Differentiation in Primates
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology August 19, 2020

Research progress and treatment strategies for anesthetic neurotoxicity.
Brain Research Bulletin August 13, 2020

Anesthesia Exposure during Therapy Predicts Neurocognitive Outcomes in Survivors of Childhood Medulloblastoma
The Journal of Pediatrics August 2020

Sevoflurane Induces Learning and Memory Impairment in Young Mice Through a Reduction in Neuronal Glucose Transporter 3
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology August 2020

Regions of the basal ganglia and primary olfactory system are most sensitive to neurodegeneration after extended sevoflurane anesthesia in the perinatal rat.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology July-August 2020

Association between surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy and developmental outcomes at 1 year: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine July 25, 2020

LncRNA Rik-203 Contributes to Sevoflurane Induced Neurotoxicity?
Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne) July 22, 2020

Increasing the interval between repeated anesthetic exposures reduces long‐lasting synaptic changes in late post‐natal mice
Journal of Neurochemistry July 8, 2020

Coenzyme Q10 Alleviates sevoflurane‑induced Neuroinflammation by Regulating the Levels of Apolipoprotein E and Phosphorylated Tau Protein in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons
Molecular Medicine Reports July 2020

Maternal Treadmill Exercise Reduces the Neurotoxicity of Prenatal Sevoflurane Exposure in Rats via Activation of p300 Histone Acetyltransferase.
Neurochemical Research July 2020

Neonatal Isoflurane Anesthesia or Disruption of Postsynaptic Density-95 Protein Interactions Change Dendritic Spine Densities and Cognitive Function in Juvenile Mice.
Perioperative Medicine July 2020

Neurotoxicity effects of anesthetic exposure on the developing brain of non-human primates
Medical Hypotheses July 2020

LncRNA LINC00641 Sponges miR-497-5p to Ameliorate Neural Injury Induced by Anesthesia via Up-Regulating BDNF.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience June 30, 2020

General anesthesia affecting on developing brain: evidence from animal to clinical research.
Journal of Anesthesia June 29, 2020

Autophagic Network Analysis of the Dual Effect of Sevoflurane on Neurons Associated with GABARAPL1 and 2.
BioMed Research International June 26, 2020

Dexmedetomidine in children – when should we be using it?
Anaesthesia June 24, 2020

Neonatal sevoflurane exposure induces impulsive behavioral deficit through disrupting excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex in mice.
Translational Psychiatry June 20, 2020

An appropriate level of autophagy reduces emulsified isoflurane-induced apoptosis in fetal neural stem cells.
Neural Regeneration Research June 19, 2020

Safety of anesthetic exposure on the developing brain – Do we have the answer yet?
Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology June 15, 2020

Propofol Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in Fetal and Offspring Mice
Anesthesia & Analgesia June 10, 2020

Use of Dexmedetomidine and Opioids as the Primary Anesthetic in Infants and Young Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Pediatric Anesthesia June 8, 2020

Anesthetic Drugs in Children and Pregnant Women – Implications of the Recent FDA Warning.
Harefuah June 2020

Risk of Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder After Early Exposure to General Anesthesia; A Case Control Study.
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics June 2020

Optimization of Ultrasound Backscatter Spectroscopy to Assess Neurotoxic Effects of Anesthesia in the Newborn Non-human Primate Brain
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology May 29, 2020

Neonatal Exposure to Anesthesia Leads to Cognitive Deficits in Old Age: Prevention With Intranasal Administration of Insulin in Mice
Neurotoxicity Research May 26, 2020

Neonatal Ketamine Alters High-Frequency Oscillations and Synaptic Plasticity in the Subiculum But Does not Affect Sleep Macrostructure in Adolescent Rats
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience May 26, 2020

Neuroendocrine, epigenetic, and intergenerational effects of general anesthetics
World Journal of Psychiatry May 19, 2020

Upregulation of miR-215 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in developing neurons by targeting LATS2.
Molecular Medicine May 6, 2020

Neurotoxicity of Sub-Anesthetic Doses of Sevoflurane and Dexmedetomidine Co-Administration in Neonatal Rats
NeuroToxicology May 5, 2020

Upregulation of miR-496 Rescues Propofol-Induced Neurotoxicity by Targeting Rho Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 2 (ROCK2) in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons
Current Neurovascular Research May 5, 2020

Acetyl-l-carnitine Does Not Prevent Neurodegeneration in a Rodent Model of Prolonged Neonatal Anesthesia
Neurotoxicology and Teratology May 3, 2020

Standards for Preclinical Research and Publications in Developmental Anaesthetic Neurotoxicity: Expert Opinion Statement From the SmartTots Preclinical Working Group
British Journal of Anaesthesia May 2020

Potential Neurodevelopmental Effects of Pediatric Intensive Care Sedation and Analgesia: Repetitive Benzodiazepine and Opioid Exposure Alters Expression of Glial and Synaptic Proteins in Juvenile Rats
Critical Care Explorations April 29, 2020

The Effects of Hesperidin on Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment in the Sevoflurane Anesthetized Rat are Mediated Through the PI3/Akt/PTEN and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Signaling Pathways
Medical Science Monitor April 16, 2020

HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rats and human neuroglioma cells via induction of HSP70
Journal of Translational Medicine April 15, 2020

The Role of Histone Acetylation in the Sevoflurane-induced Inhibition of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampi of Young Mice.
Neuroscience April 15, 2020

Pediatric anesthesiologists’ attitudes about neurotoxicity and the FDA drug safety communication
Pediatric Anesthesia April 12, 2020

Iron Overload Contributes to General Anaesthesia-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deficits
Journal of Neuroinflammation April 11, 2020

PDE-7 Inhibitor BRL-50481 Reduces Neurodegeneration and Long-Term Memory Deficits in Mice Following Sevoflurane Exposure
ACS Chemical Neuroscience April 9, 2020

Sevoflurane Inhibits Neuronal Migration and Axon Growth in the Developing Mouse Cerebral Cortex
Aging April 9, 2020

Effect of xenon and dexmedetomidine as adjuncts for general anesthesia on postoperative emergence delirium after elective cardiac catheterization in children: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, pilot trial
Trials April 3, 2020

How Should Trainees’ Influences on Postoperative Outcomes Be Disclosed?
AMA Journal of Ethics April 2020

Inhibition of the electron transport chain in propofol induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos
Neurotoxicology and Teratology March-April 2020

Ketamine promotes the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating mTOR
Molecular Medicine Reports March 30, 2020

GAS, PANDA, and MASK: Comment. Williams & Sartorelli.
Anesthesiology March 26, 2020

Effects of propofol on hippocampal neuron viability
Child’s Nervous System March 16, 2020

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sugammadex in Zebrafish Larvae
Journal of Korean Medical Science March 9, 2020

Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglioside Injection (CPCGI) Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Cell Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation of p38 MAP Kinase (p38MAPK)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway.
Medical Science Monitor March 1, 2020

Dexmedetomidine attenuates ethanol-induced inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis in neonatal mice
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology March 1, 2020

Anesthesia for Major Surgery in the Neonate
Anesthesiology Clinics March 2020

GAS, PANDA, and MASK: Comment
Anesthesiology March 2020

GAS, PANDA, and MASK: Reply. Vutskits & Culley
Anesthesiology March 2020

Neurotoxicity of Drugs in Children During Antenatal and Postnatal Development Periods
American Journal of Pediatrics March 2020

Sex differences in neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by early-life anaesthesia exposure: a review.
British Journal of Anaesthesia March 2020

False Interpretation of Scientific Data Leads to Biased Conclusions About the Association Between Cesarean Deliveries Under General Anesthesia and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders February 19, 2020

Resveratrol Mitigates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity by the SIRT1-Dependent Regulation of BDNF Expression in Developing Mice
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity February 19, 2020

Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against the ketamine-induced disturbance of proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells in the subventricular zone
BMC Neuroscience February 16, 2020

Cyclophilin D Contributes to Anesthesia Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology February 11, 2020

MicroRNA-582-5p reduces propofol-induced apoptosis in developing neurons by targeting ROCK1.
Current Neurovascular Research February 7, 2020

Definition of Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Anesthesia Research: It Is Like the Tower of Babel!
Anesthesia & Analgesia February 2020

Desflurane and Surgery Exposure During Pregnancy Decrease Synaptic Integrity and Induce Functional Deficits in Juvenile Offspring Mice.
Neurochemical Research February 2020

Exogenous GM1 Ganglioside Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Neurocognitive Impairment in the Developing Rat Brain
Anesthesia & Analgesia February 2020

General anesthesia risk across pediatric surgical specialties: Low in otolaryngology
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology February 2020

Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Neurogenesis Damage Following Neonatal Midazolam Exposure in Rats through JNK and P38 MAPK Pathways
ACS Chemical Neuroscience January 30, 2020

Effects of embryonic propofol exposure on axonal growth and locomotor activity in zebrafish
Journal of Applied Toxicology January 30, 2020

The mTOR Inhibitor Rapamycin Prevents General Anesthesia-Induced Changes in Synaptic Transmission and Mitochondrial Respiration in Late Postnatal Mice
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience January 28, 2020

Downregulation of CDK5 Restores Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology January 16, 2020

Conflicting Actions of Inhalational Anesthetics, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection, Mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response
International Journal of Molecular Sciences January 10, 2020

General Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Immature Brain: Reevaluating the Confounding Factors in the Preclinical Studies.
Hindawi January 8, 2020

Exposure to Surgery and Anesthesia in Early Childhood and Subsequent Use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications.
Anesthesia & Analgesia January 8, 2020

Paediatric Anaesthesia Neurotoxicity: Bring Back the Papoose Board?
Oral Health January 7, 2020

Effects of Xenon-Based Anesthetic Exposure on the Expression Levels of Polysialic Acid Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (PSA-NCAM) on Human Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons.
Molecular Neurobiology January 2020

General anesthesia in infants: neurobiological and neuropsychological concerns.
Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico 2020

Ketamine exerts neurotoxic effects on the offspring of pregnant rats via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research January 2020

NR2B receptor- and calpain-mediated KCC2 cleavage resulted in cognitive deficiency exposure to isoflurane
NeuroToxicology January 2020

Paeonol attenuates isoflurane anesthesia-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity via modulation of JNK/ERK/P38MAPK pathway and regulates histone acetylation in neonatal rat.
Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine January 2020

Vitexin improves neuron apoptosis and memory impairment induced by isoflurane via regulation of miR-409 expression.
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine January 2020

Maternal exposure to volatile anesthetics induces IL-6 in fetal brains and affects neuronal development.
European Journal of Pharmacology November 15, 2019

Traditional Chinese medicine, Kami-Shoyo-San protects ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in human embryonic stem cell-differentiated neurons through activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
NeuroReport November 6, 2019

“Pediatric Anesthetic Neurotoxicity” Time to Stop!
Anesthesia & Analgesia November 5, 2019

Neurodevelopmental Effect of General Anesthesia on the Pediatric Patient.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus November 1, 2019

Beyond Anesthesia Toxicity: Anesthetic Considerations to Lessen the Risk of Neonatal Neurological Injury
Anesthesia & Analgesia November 2019

Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via inhibiting the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway in neonatal rats
Experimental and Molecular Pathology November 2019

Early Postnatal Exposure to Isoflurane Disrupts Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelin Formation in the Mouse Hippocampus
Perioperative Medicine November 2019

Sirtuin 2 Inhibition Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Developing Rats via Modulating Microglial Activation
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology November 2019

Using animal models to evaluate the functional consequences of anesthesia during early neurodevelopment
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory November 2019

Voluntary Exercise Rescues the Spatial Memory Deficit Associated With Early Life Isoflurane Exposure in Male Rats
Anesthesia & Analgesia November 2019

Should nitrous oxide ever be used in oncology patients receiving methotrexate therapy?
Pediatric Anesthesia October 31, 2019

MicroRNA-665 mediates propofol-induced cell apoptosis in human stem cell-derived neurons
Bioengineered October 26, 2019

Influence of general anesthetic exposure in developing brain on cognition and the underlying mechanisms
October 25, 2019

Sedation practices in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer October 18, 2019

Distinct, sex-dependent miRNA signatures in piglet hippocampus induced by a clinically relevant isoflurane exposure: a pilot study.
Journal of Anesthesia October 14, 2019

General anesthetic neurotoxicity in the young: Mechanism and prevention.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews October 10, 2019

Cognitive impairment and transcriptomic profile in hippocampus of young mice after multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane.
Aging October 3, 2019

Protective Effects of Xenon on Propofol-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neural Stem Cell-Derived Models.
Molecular Neurobiology October 2, 2019

The expression of glucose transporters and mitochondrial division and fusion proteins in rats exposed to hypoxic preconditioning to attenuate propofol neurotoxicity.
International Journal of Neuroscience October 2, 2019

Hypoxia, hypercarbia, and mortality reporting in studies of anaesthesia-related neonatal neurodevelopmental delay in rodent models: A systematic review.
European Journal of Anaesthesiology October 2019

LncRNA MALAT1 is involved in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in developing rats.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry October 2019

Maternal surgery during pregnancy has a transient adverse effect on the developing fetal rabbit brain
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology October 2019

Mild hypothermia ameliorates anesthesia toxicity in the neonatal macaque brain
Neurobiology of Disease October 2019

The positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors mRNA in immature hippocampal rat neurons by midazolam affects receptor expression and induces apoptosis.
International Journal of Neuroscience October 2019

Xenon reduces sevoflurane-induced respiratory depression and neuro-apoptosis in immature rats
British Journal of Anaesthesia October 2019

Early exposure to general anesthesia impairs social and emotional development in rats.
Molecular Neurobiology September 7, 2019

Sevoflurane-Induced Dysregulation of Cation-Chloride Cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 in Neonatal Mouse Brain.
Molecular Neurobiology September 6, 2019

The Role of Free Oxygen Radicals in Lasting Hyperexcitability of Rat Subicular Neurons After Exposure to General Anesthesia During Brain Development.
Molecular Neurobiology September 6, 2019

Defining the Vulnerability Window of Anesthesia-Induced Neuroapoptosis in Developing Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells – A Transgenic Approach Utilizing POMC-EGFP Mice.
Neuroscience September 1, 2019

Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 alleviates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity via the miR-101-3p/PDCD4 axis.
Life Sciences September 1, 2019

Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Anesthesiology September 2019

Anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity in children: past, present, and future
Chinese Medical Journal August 20, 2019

Anesthesia Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain: Basic Studies Relevant for Neonatal or Perinatal Medicine.
Clinics in Perinatology August 14, 2019

Human Studies of Anesthesia-Related Neurotoxicity in Children: A Narrative Review of Recent Additions to the Clinical Literature.
Clinics in Perinatology August 14, 2019

Anesthetics: from modes of action to unconsciousness and neurotoxicity.
Journal of Neurophysiology August 2019

Exposure to General Anesthesia May Contribute to the Association between Cesarean Delivery and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders August 2019

Potential role of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway in hypoxic preconditioning and effect on propofol‑induced neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.
Molecular Medicine Reports August 2019

Overexpression of lncRNA Gm15621 alleviates apoptosis and inflammation response resulting from sevoflurane treatment through inhibiting miR-133a/Sox4.
Journal of Cellular Physiology July 2, 2019

Neonatal general anesthesia causes lasting alterations in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ventrobasal thalamus of adolescent female rats
Neurobiology of Disease July 2019

Parental understanding of their child’s risk of anaesthesia
British Journal of Anaesthesia July 2019

Toxicity mechanism of sevoflurane in neural stem cells of rats through DNA methylation.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine July 2019

GAS, PANDA, and MASK – No Evidence of Clinical Anesthetic Neurotoxicity!
Vutskits & Culley June 20, 2019

17β-Estradiol Treatment Attenuates Neurogenesis Damage and Improves Behavior Performance After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rats.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience June 13, 2019

Propofol induces impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis through inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry June 12, 2019

Both GSK-3β/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats.
Toxicological Sciences June 10, 2019

The Effects of Anesthesia on the Pediatric Developing Brain: Strategies to Reduce Anesthesia Use in Pediatric MRI and Nursing’s Role in Driving Patient Safety
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing June 10, 2019

Anesthesia Exposure in the Young Child and Long-term Cognition: An Integrated Review.
AANA Journal June 2019

Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice.
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience June 2019

Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids continued: two new studies and a potential redirection of the field
British Journal of Anaesthesia June 2019

microRNA‐124 attenuates isoflurane‐induced neurological deficits in neonatal rats via binding to EGR1
Journal of Cellular Physiology May 27, 2019

Cell cycle activation contributes to isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain and the protective effect of CR8.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics May 25, 2019

Neonatal exposure to the experimental environment or ketamine can induce long-term learning dysfunction or overmyelination in female but not male rats.
NeuroReport May 1, 2019

Disrupted folate metabolism with anesthesia leads to myelination deficits mediated by epigenetic regulation of ERMN
EBioMedicine May 2019

Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Repeated Ketamine Exposure-Induced Adverse Effects in the Developing Brain of Rats
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience May 2019

Patterns of neuropsychological changes after general anaesthesia in young children: secondary analysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study
British Journal of Anaesthesia May 2019

Pre-administration of luteoline attenuates neonatal sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
Acta Histochemica May 2019

Combined spinal/caudal catheter anesthesia: extending the boundaries of regional anesthesia for complex pediatric urological surgery
Journal of Pediatric Urology April 11, 2019

Dexmedetomidine reduced sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and long-term memory deficits in neonatal rats
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience April 5, 2019

Erythropoietin Reduces Neurodegeneration and Long-Term Memory Deficits Following Sevoflurane Exposure in Neonatal Rats
Neurotoxicity Research April 5, 2019

Quantitative ultrasound and apoptotic death in the neonatal primate brain
Neurobiology of Disease April 2, 2019

Assessing Long-term Neurodevelopmental Outcome Following General Anesthesia in Early Childhood: Challenges and Opportunities
Anesthesia & Analgesia April 2019

Caudal epidural blocks in paediatric patients: a review and practical considerations
British Journal of Anaesthesia April 2019

Female rats are more vulnerable to lasting cognitive impairment after isoflurane exposure on postnatal day 4 than 7
British Journal of Anaesthesia April 2019

Lasting effects of general anesthetics on the brain in the young and elderly: “mixed picture” of neurotoxicity, neuroprotection and cognitive impairment.
Journal of Anesthesia April 2019

Neuroinflammation in the Developing Brain: Risk Factors, Involvement of Microglial Cells, and Implication for Early Anesthesia
Anesthesia & Analgesia April 2019

Performance on the Operant Test Battery in young children exposed to procedures requiring general anaesthesia: the MASK study
British Journal of Anaesthesia April 2019

Anaesthetic neuroprotection in children: does it exist or is it all just bad?
Current Opinion in Anesthesiology March 2019

Effects of non-obstetric surgery under ketamine anaesthesia in the middle stage of pregnancy on cognition in the offspring and underlying mechanisms
British Journal of Anaesthesia March 2019

Sevoflurane-induced learning deficits and spine loss via nectin-1/corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 signalling in neonatal mice
British Journal of Anaesthesia March 2019

Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Ketamine on the Developing Brain
Frontiers in Neuroscience February 22, 2019

Dexmedetomidine attenuates the neurotoxicity of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro via Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways
Drug Design, Development and Therapy February 19, 2019

Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial
The Lancet. February 16, 2019

Neurodevelopment after general anaesthesia in infants
The Lancet. February 16, 2019

Inhibition of microRNA-375 ameliorated ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in human embryonic stem cell derived neurons.
European Journal of Pharmacology February 5, 2019

Fundamentals of fetal toxicity relevant to sevoflurane exposures during pregnancy.
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. February 2019

Neonatal exposure to propofol affects interneuron development in the piriform cortex and causes neurobehavioral deficits in adult mice.
Psychopharmacology February 2019

Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: Mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies
Neurotoxicology and Teratology January – February 2019

Neurotoxicity of general anesthetics in children: evidence and uncertainties.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics January 31, 2019

Juvenile Rats Show Altered Gut Microbiota After Exposure to Isoflurane as Neonates
Neurochemical Research January 2, 2019

Astragaloside suppresses tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 signaling pathway and alleviates neurodegenerative changes in retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by isoflurane.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry January 2019

A Review of Clinical Poster Presentations at the Sixth Biennial Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopment Assessment (PANDA) Symposium
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

An Open Label Pilot Study of a Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil-Caudal Anesthetic for Infant Lower Abdominal/Lower Extremity Surgery: The T REX Pilot Study.
Pediatric Anesthesia. January 2019

Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children: Many Important Questions Remain Unanswered
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Anesthesia Exposure in Children, Practitioners Respond to the 2016 FDA Drug Safety Communication
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Developmental Neurotoxicity: An Update
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Early Developmental Exposure to Repetitive Long Duration of Midazolam Sedation Causes Behavioral and Synaptic Alterations in a Rodent Model of Neurodevelopment
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Engaging Stakeholders to Promote Safe Anesthesia and Sedation Care in Young Children
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Epidemiology and Resource Utilization of Simple Febrile Seizure-associated Hospitalizations in the United States, 2003-2012
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Introduction to “Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children”: A Supplement from the Sixth Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopmental Assessment (PANDA) Symposium
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Outcomes Research in Vulnerable Pediatric Populations
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Prolonged Anesthetic Exposure in Children and Factors Associated With Exposure Duration
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Reaching Parents Through an Online Community
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Report on the Sixth Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopmental Assessment (PANDA) Symposium, “Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children.”
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

SmartTots Outcomes Workshop 2017: Notes From a Round Table Discussion About Outcome Measures
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Summary of Preclinical Poster Presentations at the Sixth Biennial Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopment Assessment (PANDA) Symposium
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and general anaesthesia – a narrative review
Anaesthesia January 2019

Using Neuroimaging to Study the Effects of Pain, Analgesia, and Anesthesia on Brain Development
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology January 2019

Anesthesia affects excitatory/inhibitory synapses during the critical synaptogenic period in the hippocampus of young mice: Importance of sex as a biological variable.
Neurotoxicology. November 28, 2018

A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis on the histological and neurobehavioral long term effects of dexmedetomidine.
Pediatric Anesthesia. November 26, 2018

A case report of multiple anesthesia for pediatric surgery: 80 anesthesia applications in a period of 6 years.
BMC Anesthesiology. November 20, 2018

Early life exposure to extended general anesthesia with isoflurane and nitrous oxide reduces responsivity on a cognitive test battery in the nonhuman primate.
Neurotoxicology. November 14, 2018

Influence of Surgical Procedures and General Anesthesia on Child Development Before Primary School Entry Among Matched Sibling Pairs.
JAMA Pediatrics. November 5, 2018

Fetal Surgery Decreases Anesthesia-Induced Neuroapoptosis in the Mid-Gestational Fetal Ovine Brain
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. October 12, 2018

MicroRNA-107 regulates anesthesia-induced neural injury in embryonic stem cell derived neurons
IUBMB Life. October 11, 2018

CORRESPONDENCE: Can population cohort studies assess the long‐term impact of anesthesia in children?
Pediatric Anesthesia. October 9, 2018

Signaling network between the dysregulated expression of microRNAs and mRNAs in propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity in mice
Scientific Reports. September 21, 2018

Reduction the risk in pediatric anesthesia-what should we know-what should we do
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. September 18, 2018

Sedative and Anesthetic Neurotoxicity in Infants and Young Children: Not Just an Operating Room Concern
The Journal of Pediatrics. September 2018

Lipid profiling as an effective approach for identifying biomarkers/adverse events associated with pediatric anesthesia
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. September 2018

Intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia for pediatric inpatient surgery – A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. September 2018

Anesthesia and the developing brain: A way forward for laboratory and clinical research
Paediatric Anaesthesia. September 2018

N-acetylcysteine prevents ketamine-induced adverse effects on development, heart rate and monoaminergic neurons in zebrafish
Neuroscience Letters. August 24, 2018

Dexmedetomidine mitigates sevoflurane-induced cell cycle arrest in hippocampus
Journal of Anesthesia. August 20, 2018

Cognitive Impairment and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Repeated Short-Term Sevoflurane Exposure in Early Life of Rats
Frontiers in Psychiatry. August 2, 2018

Expert Available to Discuss Children and Anesthesia
American Society of Anesthesiologists. August 1, 2018

The effect of xenon-augmented sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative hemodynamics and early postoperative neurocognitive function in children undergoing cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Paediatric Anaesthesia. August 2018

Role of epigenetic mechanisms in transmitting the effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure to the next generation of male, but not female, rats
British Journal of Anaesthesia. August 2018

Neonatal exposure of ketamine inhibited the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation without impairing the spatial memory of adult rats
Cognitive Neurodynamics. August 2018

Early Developmental Exposure to General Anesthetic Agents in Primary Neuron Culture Disrupts Synapse Formation via Actions on the mTOR Pathway
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. July 26, 2018

Neonatal anesthesia exposure impacts brain microRNAs and their associated neurodevelopmental processes
Scientific Reports. July 13, 2018

Comparison of neurotoxicity of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in brachial plexus block in rats of different age
Neurotoxicology and Teratology. July 11, 2018

When Your Child Needs Surgery, Don’t Fear Anesthesia, Says American Society of Anesthesiologists
American Society of Anesthesiologists. July 9, 2018

Long-Term Neurobehavioral Consequences of a Single Ketamine Neonatal Exposure in Rats: Effects on Cellular Viability and Glutamate Transport in Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus
Neurotoxicity Research. July 2, 2018

Pediatric Neuroanesthesia
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. July 2018

Does pediatric anesthesia cause brain damage? Addressing parental and provider concerns in light of compelling animal studies and seemingly ambivalent human data.
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. June 4, 2018

Epidemiology of general anesthesia prior to age 3 in a population-based birth cohort
Pediatric Anesthesia. June 2018

Role of autophagy in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rat hippocampal cells.
Brain Research Bulletin June 2018

The impact of general anesthesia on child development and school performance: a population-based study
Paediatric Anaesthesia. June 2018

The postoperative effect of sevoflurane inhalational anesthesia on cognitive function and inflammatory response of pediatric patients.
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. June 2018

Choosing Wisely in pediatric anesthesia: An interpretation from the German Scientific Working Group of Paediatric Anaesthesia (WAKKA).
Pediatric Anesthesia. May 30, 2018

Spinal anesthesia for surgery longer than 60 min in infants: experience from the first 2 years of a spinal anesthesia program.
Journal of Anesthesia. May 28, 2018

Adaptation of Microelectrode Array Technology for the Study of Anesthesia-induced Neurotoxicity in the Intact Piglet Brain.
Journal of Visualized Experiments. May 12, 2018

Spinal anesthesia instead of general anesthesia for infants undergoing tendon Achilles lengthening.
Local and Regional Anesthesia. May 3, 2018

Estimating pediatric general anesthesia exposure: Quantifying duration and risk
Pediatric Anesthesia. May 2, 2018

Fentanyl Induces Cerebellar Internal Granular Cell Layer Apoptosis in Healthy Newborn Pigs
Frontiers in Neurology May 1, 2018

Effect of multiple neonatal sevoflurane exposures on hippocampal apolipoprotein E levels and learning and memory abilities
Pediatrics & Neonatology. April 2018

Persistent alteration in behavioural reactivity to a mild social stressor in rhesus monkeys repeatedly exposed to sevoflurane in infancy.
British Journal of Anaesthesia. April 2018

A neurosteroid analogue with T-type calcium channel blocking properties is an effective hypnotic, but is not harmful to neonatal rat brain.
British Journal of Anaesthesia. April 2018

Neuropsychological and Behavioral Outcomes after Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia: The Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) Study.
Anesthesiology. April 2018

Clinical Evidence for Any Effect of Anesthesia on the Developing Brain.
Anesthesiology. April 2018

Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children – perhaps the end of the beginning.
Anesthesiology. April 2018

Young Brain and Anesthesia: Refusal of Anesthesia Is Not an Option!
Anesthesiology. April 2018

The Challenges of Translation.
Anesthesiology. April 2018

Exposure of the Developing Brain to General Anesthesia: What is the Animal Evidence?
Anesthesiology. April 2018

SmartTots Update Regarding Anesthetic Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain
Anesthesia & Analgesia. April 2018

SmartTots: Quo Vadis?
Anesthesia & Analgesia. April 2018

Effects on adult cognitive function after neonatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of ionising radiation and ketamine in mice
British Journal of Anaesthesia. March 2018

Postoperative Delirium, Learning, and Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Some Perspectives and Directions.
Frontiers in Neurology. March 2018

Reducing the Number of Anesthetic Exposures in the Early Years of Life: Circumcision and Myringotomy as an Example.
Clinical Pediatrics. March 2018

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors Associated With Cognitive Impairment After Pediatric Critical Illness.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. March 2018

S100β in newborns after C-section with general vs. epidural anesthesia: a prospective observational study.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. March 2018

Changes in sensory processing after anesthesia in toddlers.
Minerva Anestesiologica. February 5, 2018

Lipoic acid inhibited desflurane-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through Caspase3 and NF-KappaB dependent pathway.
Tissue & Cell.” February 2018

Changes in tissue and cerebral oxygenation following spinal anesthesia in infants: a prospective study.
Journal of Anesthesia. January 12, 2018

Reducing sedation for pediatric body MRI using accelerated and abbreviated imaging protocols.
Pediatric Radiology. January 2018

Food and Drug Administration warning on anesthesia and brain development: implications for obstetric and fetal surgery.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. January 2018

An International, Multicenter, Observational Study of Cerebral Oxygenation during Infant and Neonatal Anesthesia
Anesthesiology January 2018

Influence of nitrous oxide on granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus of the neonatal rat
BioMed Research. 2018

Systematic review of the neurocognitive outcomes used in studies of paediatric anaesthesia neurotoxicity.
British Journal of Anaesthesia. November 21, 2017

Effect of repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposure on the learning, memory and synaptic plasticity at juvenile and adult age.
American Journal of Translational Research. November 15, 2017

Repeated 2% sevoflurane administration in 7‑ and 60-day-old rats : Neurotoxicity and neurocognitive dysfunction.
Der Anaesthesist. November 2017

Caffeine combined with sedative/anesthetic drugs triggers widespread neuroapoptosis in a mouse model of prematurity
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine November 2017

Predictors of Anesthetic Duration in Common Pediatric General Surgical Procedures
Anesthesioligy Today

Isoflurane exposure regulates the cell viability and BDNF expression of astrocytes via upregulation of TREK‑1
Mol Med Rep. 2017 Nov

Subsequent maternal separation exacerbates neurobehavioral abnormalities in rats neonatally exposed to sevoflurane anesthesia
Neuroscience Letters 20 November 2017

Perinatal and neonatal use of sedation and analgesia
sfnm journal. October 7, 2017

Non-Anaesthetic Effects of Volatile Anaesthetics: A Short Trip on the Sea of Translational Medicine
October 2017

Sedation Analgesia and Neuromuscular Blockade in Pediatric Critical Care: Overview and Current Landscape.
Pediatric Clinics of North America. October 2017

Reproducibility of science and developmental anaesthesia neurotoxicity: a tale of two cities.
British Journal of Anaesthesia. September 2017

Are Anesthesia and Surgery during Infancy Associated with Decreased White Matter Integrity and Volume During Childhood? 
Anesthesiology Newly August 24, 2017

Editorial: Can We Really Suggest that Anesthesia Might Cause Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?
Anesthesiology, August 2017

Association between Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia and Learning and Behavioral Outcomes in a Population-based Birth Cohort
Anesthesiology, August 2017

Overexpression cdc42 attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in developmental brain of rats
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 26 August 2017

Neonatal Propofol Anesthesia Changes Expression of Synaptic Plasticity Proteins and Increases Stereotypic and Anxyolitic Behavior in Adult Rats
Neurotox Res. 2017 Aug

Xenon as an adjuvant to sevoflurane anesthesia in children younger en than 4 years of age, undergoing interventional or diagnostic cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Wiley 2 August 2017

Latent Class Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Deficit After Exposure to Anesthesia in Early Childhood
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. July 2017

Insufficient Astrocyte-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Contributes to Propofol-Induced Neuron Death through Akt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β/Mitochondrial Fission Pathway
Anesthesia & Analgesia. July 2017

EDITORIAL Reducing risk in pediatric anesthesia: What are the implications from the APRICOT study?
Pediatric Anesthesia July 2017

Propofol-induced downregulation of NR2B membrane translocation in hippocampus and spatial memory deficits of neonatal mice
Brain Behav. June 2, 2017

Rutin attenuates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via modulating JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in the hippocampi of neonatal rats
Exp Ther Med. 2017 May

Can we reduce anesthesia exposure? Neonatal brain MRI: Swaddling vs. sedation, a national survey
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA May 2017

Optimization of Pediatric PET/CT
Semin Nucl Med. 2017 May

Visual recognition memory is impaired in rhesus monkeys repeatedly exposed to sevoflurane in infancy
Br J Anaesth aew473 31 May 2017

Elamipretide (SS-31) Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Long-Term Impairments of Mitochondrial Morphogenesis and Cognition in Developing Rats
Front Cell Neurosci 2017 Apr 25

Why Some Pediatric Neurologists Are Concerned About a New FDA Warning About Anesthesia
Neurologists Today 16 March 2017

Anesthesia, Brain Changes, and Behavior: Insights from Neural Systems Biology
ScieceDirect 8 February 2017

Letter to the Editor: Was isoflurane the only cause of IL-1β upregulation?
Journal of Anesthesia 16 February 2017

Anesthetic-Related Neurotoxicity and Neuroimaging in Children: A Call for Conversation
Journal of Child Neurology

Scoping review: Awareness of neurotoxicity from anesthesia in children in otolaryngology literature
Laryngoscope 2017 Feb 22

Anesthesia and Developing Brains—Implications of the FDA Warning
N Engl J Med 2017

Introduction to the special issue “Developmental neurotoxicity associated with pediatric general anesthesia: Preclinical findings”
Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2017.02.01

Selective induction of IL-1β after a brief isoflurane anesthetic in children undergoing MRI examination
J Anesth. 2017 Jan 3

Current thinking regarding potential neurotoxicity of general anesthesia in infants
Curr Opin Urol. 2017 Jan;27

The Neurotoxicity of General Anesthetic Drugs: Emphasis on the Extremes of Age Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2017 Jan 3