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Propofol anesthesia induces proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-α and pro-nerve growth factor signaling and prosurvival Akt and XIAP expression in neonatal rat brain.

by SmartTots | May 14, 2014 | Research Articles

J Neurosci Res, May 14, 2014. Milanović D, Pešić V, Popić J, Tanić N, Kanazir S, Jevtović-Todorović V, Ruždijić S. Abstract Previously we observed that prolonged exposure to propofol anesthesia causes caspase-3- and calpain-mediated neuronal death in the developing...

General anaesthetics and the developing brain: an overview.

by SmartTots | May 14, 2014 | Research Articles

Anaesthesia, May 14, 2014. Sinner B, Becke K, Engelhard K. Abstract Various experimental studies in animals have shown that general anaesthetics are potentially toxic to the developing brain. By inducing apoptosis or interfering with neurogenesis, anaesthetic exposure...

The role of miR-124 in modulating hippocampal neurotoxicity induced by ketamine anesthesia

by SmartTots | May 13, 2014 | Research Articles

International Journal of Neuroscience, May 13, 2014. Xu H, Zhang J, Zhou W, Feng Y, Teng S, Song X. Abstract Purpose: Ketamine is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. Recent studies demonstrated that excessive application of ketamine led to cortical neurodegeneration...

Neurotoxic effects of dexmedetomidine in fetal cynomolgus monkey brains

by SmartTots | May 10, 2014 | Research Articles

J Toxicol Sci, 2014. Koo E, Oshodi T, Meschter C, Ebrahimnejad A, Dong G. Abstract The neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine have been reported by many investigators; however its underlying mechanism to reduce neuronal injury during a prolonged anesthesia remains...

Involvement of RAGE in isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis

by SmartTots | Apr 27, 2014 | Research Articles

The FASEB Journal, April 2014. Koladia M, Zhong T, Sun C, Vetter S. Abstract Anesthetics, including isoflurane, have been demonstrated to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration when administered during neurodevelopment. There is inadequate clinical data to conclude...
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

Tax Information

SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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