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SmartTots and the Power of Scientific Public–Private Partnerships with the US Food and Drug Administration

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Clinical Articles, Research Articles

As early as 1999, research began showing that general anesthetic drugs, once assumed to have no lasting effects after elimination from the body, may potentially impact brain development, prompting concerns about their safety in infants and young children. In response,...

Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil on Neurodevelopment of Children after Inhalation Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Clinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Background: Anesthetic exposure in young children raises concerns about neurodevelopmental safety, with preclinical evidence suggesting potential neurotoxicity of volatile anesthetics. This study aimed to assess whether the combination of dexmedetomidine and...

A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Clinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Although anesthesia makes painful or uncomfortable diagnostic and interventional health care procedures tolerable, it may also disrupt key cellular processes in neurons and glia, harm the developing brain, and thereby impair cognition and behavior in...

Anesthesia-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Population

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Clinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Anesthetics and sedatives may cause long-term negative neurocognitive consequences in children. Many clinical reports on this subject have had a profound impact on the field of clinical pediatric anesthesiology. Findings from animal models suggest that early...

Experiencing Anesthesia and Surgery Early in Life Impairs Cognitive and Behavioral Development

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Clinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Background: The impact of anesthesia and surgery on neurocognitive and behavioral development in infants and children remains inadequately understood. Objective: To investigate the impact of early-life exposure to general anesthesia and surgery on cognitive...

Influence of Repeated Exposure to Neonatal Isoflurane on Sleep Architecture and Neuronal Delta and Theta Oscillations in Adolescent Rats

by SmartTots | Feb 14, 2026 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Background: Normal sleep architecture is important for brain development, and we previously demonstrated that a single exposure to isoflurane during the neonatal period did not induce changes in the sleep architecture and only minimally altered neuronal beta...
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Recent Posts

  • SmartTots and the Power of Scientific Public–Private Partnerships with the US Food and Drug Administration
  • Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil on Neurodevelopment of Children after Inhalation Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • Anesthesia-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Population
  • Experiencing Anesthesia and Surgery Early in Life Impairs Cognitive and Behavioral Development

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

Tax Information

SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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