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Ketamine administered to pregnant rats in the second trimester causes long-lasting behavioral disorders in offspring.

by SmartTots | Apr 26, 2014 | Research Articles

Neurobiol Dis, April 26, 2014. Zhao T, Li Y, Wei W, Savage S, Zhou L, Ma D. Abstract Commonly used anesthetic agents, e.g. ketamine, may be neurotoxic to the developing brain but there has been little attention to the neurobehavioral consequences for offspring when...

The role of miR-21 in propofol-induced neurotoxicity in developing human neurons (1093.2)

by SmartTots | Apr 24, 2014 | Research Articles

The FASEB Journal, April 2014. Twaroski D, Bail X, Olson J, Yan Y, Liu Y, Bosnjak, Z. Abstract Recent studies in animal models have suggested that anesthetics such as propofol, when administered early in life, can lead to neurotoxicity. These studies have raised...

Sevoflurane in combination with propofol, not thiopental, induces a more robust neuroapoptosis than sevoflurane alone in the neonatal mouse brain

by SmartTots | Apr 20, 2014 | Research Articles

Journal of Anesthesia, April 2014. Tagawa T, Sakuraba S, Kimura K, Mizoguchi A. Abstract Purpose: Sevoflurane is the most widely used volatile anesthetic of general anesthesia. In children and neonates, it is commonly used alone or in combination with thiopental or...

Dual effects of ketamine: neurotoxicity versus neuroprotection in anesthesia for the developing brain

by SmartTots | Apr 14, 2014 | Research Articles

J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, April 2014. Yan J, Jiang H. Abstract Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. Recently, a series of animal studies have shown that ketamine may have neurotoxic effects on the...

Neuroprotective gases–fantasy or reality for clinical use?

by SmartTots | Apr 10, 2014 | Research Articles

Prog Neurobiol, April 2014. Deng J, Lei C, Chen Y, Fang Z, Yang Q, Zhang H, Cai M, Shi L, Dong H, Xiong L. Abstract The neuroprotective properties for certain medical gases have been observed for decades, leading to extensive research that has been widely reported and...
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

Tax Information

SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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