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Early exposure to general anesthesia impairs social and emotional development in rats.

by SmartTots | Nov 3, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract Several animal and emerging human studies suggest an association between an early exposure to general anesthesia (GA) and long-lasting problems with complex social and emotional behaviors such as inattentiveness, impulsivity, anxiogenic tendencies, as well as...

General anesthetic neurotoxicity in the young: Mechanism and prevention.

by SmartTots | Nov 3, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract General anesthesia (GA) is usually considered to safely induce a reversible unconscious state allowing surgery to be performed without pain. A growing number of studies, in particular pre-clinical studies, however, demonstrate that general anesthetics can...

Xenon reduces sevoflurane-induced respiratory depression and neuro-apoptosis in immature rats

by SmartTots | Nov 3, 2019 | Research Articles

Millions of babies and children undergo anaesthesia every year. Preclinical evidence shows that all common anaesthetic drugs are associated with neuro-apoptosis and neurodevelopmental deficits in immature rodent models. Xenon, a low-potency anaesthetic gas, renowned...

Astroglial dysfunctions drive aberrant synaptogenesis and social behavioral deficits in mice with neonatal exposure to lengthy general anesthesia.

by SmartTots | Nov 3, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract Lengthy use of general anesthetics (GAs) causes neurobehavioral deficits in the developing brain, which has raised significant clinical concerns such that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning on the use of GAs in children younger...

Immature murine hippocampal neurones do not develop long-term structural changes after a single isoflurane exposure.

by SmartTots | Nov 3, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract Background: Studies in developing animals show that a clinically relevant anaesthesia exposure increases neuronal death and alters brain structure. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, the anaesthetic isoflurane induces selective apoptosis among roughly 10% of...
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

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SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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