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Electron microscopy techniques employed to explore mitochondrial defects in the developing rat brain following ketamine treatment

by SmartTots | Jan 4, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract Ketamine, an FDA-approved N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is commonly used for general pediatric anesthesia. Accumulating evidence has indicated that prolonged exposure to ketamine induces widespread apoptotic cell death in the developing...

Lipidomics reveals a systemic energy deficient state that precedes neurotoxicity in neonatal monkeys after sevoflurane exposure

by SmartTots | Jan 4, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract Although numerous studies have raised public concerns regarding the safety of anesthetics including sevoflurane in children, the biochemical mechanisms leading to anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity remain elusive. Moreover, potential biomarker(s) for early...

The Effect Of General Anesthesia On The Developing Brain: Appreciating Parent Concerns While Allaying Their Fears

by SmartTots | Jan 4, 2019 | Research Articles

More than one million children under the age of five undergo surgery annually in the United States. The most common procedures are myringotomy tubes, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, hernia repairs, and circumcisions. Recently, the issue of anesthesia-related...

CORRESPONDENCE: Can population cohort studies assess the long‐term impact of anesthesia in children?

by SmartTots | Jan 4, 2019 | Research Articles

We were interested to read the study by Schneuer et al looking at whether anesthesia in young children impacts on subsequent developmental assessment or school performance, and applaud their efforts to further examine what is a very important question for...

A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis on the histological and neurobehavioral long term effects of dexmedetomidine

by SmartTots | Jan 4, 2019 | Research Articles

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recent experimental studies suggest that currently used anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on young animals. Clinical studies are increasingly published about the effects of anesthesia on the long term outcome, providing contradictory results....
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

Tax Information

SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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