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Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro.

by SmartTots | Jun 28, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used in pediatric clinical practice. The neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of ketamine on brain neurons during development remain controversial. The reason may be...

Multiple sevoflurane exposures during mid-trimester induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain initiated by 15LO2-Mediated ferroptosis.

by SmartTots | Jun 28, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Aims: Mid-gestational sevoflurane exposure may induce notable long-term neurocognitive impairment in offspring. This study was designed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of ferroptosis in developmental neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane in the...

Neonatal sevoflurane exposure induces long-term changes in dendritic morphology in juvenile rats and mice.

by SmartTots | Jun 28, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract General anesthetics are potent neurotoxins when given during early development, causing apoptotic deletion of substantial number of neurons and persistent neurocognitive and behavioral deficits in animals and humans. The period of intense synaptogenesis...

Effects of anesthesia exposure on postnatal maturation of white matter in rhesus monkeys.

by SmartTots | Jun 28, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract There is increasing concern about the potential effects of anesthesia exposure on the developing brain. The effects of relatively brief anesthesia exposures used repeatedly to acquire serial magnetic resonance imaging scans could be examined prospectively in...

Effect of sevoflurane anesthesia to neonatal rat hippocampus by RNA-seq.

by SmartTots | May 1, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract Background: Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in pediatric surgery. However, few studies have paid attention to the multiple organ toxicity and the mechanism behind it. Methods: Inhalation...

Angelicin Alleviates Maternal Isoflurane Exposure-Induced Offspring Cognitive Defects Through the Carbonic Anhydrase 4/Aquaporin-4 Pathway.

by SmartTots | May 1, 2023 | Preclinical Articles, Research Articles

Abstract An increasing number of studies reveal the deleterious effects of isoflurane (Iso) exposure during pregnancy on offspring cognition. However, no effective therapeutic strategy for Iso-induced deleterious effects has been well developed. Angelicin exerts an...
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

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SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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