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General Anesthesia and the Young Brain: The Importance of Novel Strategies with Alternate Mechanisms of Action.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Over the past three decades, we have been grappling with rapidly accumulating evidence that general anesthetics (GAs) may not be as innocuous for the young brain as we previously believed. The growing realization comes from hundreds of animal studies in...

Exposure to Sevoflurane, But Not Ketamine, During Early-life Brain Development has Long-Lasting Effects on GABAA Receptor Mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Understanding the different mechanisms associated with different anesthetic targeted receptors is critical towards identifying accurate long-term outcome measures as a result of early-life anesthetic exposure. We examined changes in GABAA receptor mediated...

Application of Nonhuman Primate Models in the Studies of Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Numerous animal models have been used to study developmental neurotoxicity associated with short-term or prolonged exposure of common general anesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations. Pediatric anesthesia models using the nonhuman primate (NHP) may...

Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane impairs preference for social novelty in C57BL/6 female mice at early-adulthood.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Social interaction deficit is core symptom of children with autism, owing to interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental toxins. Sevoflurane could induce neurotoxicity in developing brain in rodent models. This study aims to investigate whether...

Testosterone: much more for the brain than a sex hormone.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Despite substantial advocacy for the scientific community to focus on sex-specific differences in biology, the role of sex hormones remains inadequately studied in the field of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. A recent study by Yang and...

Anesthesia and neurotoxicity study design, execution, and reporting in the nonhuman primate: A systematic review.

by SmartTots | Mar 2, 2022 | Research Articles

Abstract Background: Concern for a role of anesthesia in neurotoxicity in children originated from neonatal rodent and nonhuman primate (NHP) models, yet prospective clinical studies have largely not supported this concern. The goal of this study was to conduct an...
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Recent Posts

  • A Scoping Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
  • 2025 Annual Meeting, presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), March 20 – 23, 2025, Honolulu, HI
  • Exposure to Operative Anesthesia in Childhood and Subsequent Neurobehavioral Diagnoses: A Natural Experiment Using Appendectomy
  • Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial. Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, et al. June 2024
  • Columbia University Physician Scientist and SmartTots Investigator, Caleb Ing, MD, publishes new findings regarding prenatal exposure to general anesthesia and subsequent risk to the child.

About SmartTots

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year.

Contact SmartTots

Phone: 415-296-6905
Fax: 415-296-6901

E-mail: [email protected]

Tax Information

SmartTots is a research initiative of the IARS, a 501 c (3) non-profit organization.

Federal Tax ID 34-0750348

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